Zhang Qian, a reporter from China Environmental News, has no mountain like Zhiyi mountain that can arouse the national feelings of the Korean people. Zhiyi mountain, also known as "the mountain of wisdom and the gathering of different scholars", has a long history and beautiful scenery. It has always been the favorite place of many famous Korean hermits, and has spread countless legends and stories.

Recently, according to South Korean media reports, South Korean well-known actors Quan Zhixian and park Xujun will take part in the TV series of the same name "zhiyishan". The story will be based on the vast secret territory of zhiyishan. In the play, Quan Zhixian will play an excellent forest ranger in zhiyishan National Park. Once the news was sent out, the audience at home and abroad would once again focus on the earliest national park in South Korea, zhiyishan National Park.

Delimitation of "special protected areas" and establishment of endangered species restoration Center

Zhiyishan National Park, the first National Park in South Korea, was officially established in the winter of 1967. The park covers three roads, four counties and one city (Hedong County, Xianyang county and Shanqing County of Qingshang South Road, Qiuli County of quanluo South Road and Nanyuan city of quanluo North Road). It is located in the south of South Korea, with a total area of 483.022 km2. It is the largest mountain national Park in South Korea.

In order to protect such a large national park, we have to face a lot of challenges, and delimit the area first. 40 years after the park was established, the South Korean National Park Management Association began to define "special reserves" in 2007 to protect wildlife habitats as well as wetlands, valleys and other areas with important natural resources.

When it comes to zhiyishan National Park, min Qingwen, member of the CPPCC National Committee and deputy director of the natural and cultural heritage research center of the Institute of Geosciences and resources of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, told reporters, "at present, zhiyishan National Park has 13 special reserves with a total area of 165.77 km2, accounting for 35.14% of the total area of the park."

On the official website of South Korea National Park, the reporter also inquired that there are 68 protected areas in the whole territory of South Korea. Zhiyi mountain covers 13 protected areas such as the area of Hoshi pingtian and the Korean fir community of Hoshi peak, accounting for about 19%. In the special reserve, tourists are only allowed to move in the visiting footpath. For those who enter the special reserve illegally, a fine of 500000 won (about 2907.5 yuan) will be imposed according to the nature park law.

The delimitation of the reserve is only the first step, and Zhiyi mountain has further strengthened species protection. Li Heyao, a researcher at the Institute of Geographical Sciences and resources of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, told reporters, "there are many peaks and valleys in zhiyishan National Park, with 8095 kinds of wild animals and plants, including 5179 kinds of animal species, including 42 kinds of mammals, 21 kinds of fish, 112 kinds of birds, 12 kinds of reptiles, 4825 kinds of insects, 11 kinds of amphibians, 156 kinds of other kinds, and 1916 kinds of plant resources. According to the order on the conservation of natural monuments of Korean treasures and historic sites issued in 1933 and the law on the protection of cultural relics issued in 1982, the South Korean Department of culture and finance designated eight kinds of wild animals such as Asian black bear (class I endangered wild animals and plants), azalea, otter and bat as "natural relics" for special protection. "

Moreover, in 2001, the South Korean National Park Management Association established the National Park Research Institute to provide various kinds of natural science technical support for the National Park. In 2004, the project of "saving Asian black bears" was officially launched. Different varieties of Asian black bears were introduced from China, Russia, North Korea and other places. Relying on the species breeding technology center under the management group, the scientific path of Asian black bear protection was explored.

At present, there are 56 Asian black bears living in the wild in zhiyishan National Park. In 2006, the National Park began to implement the endangered wildlife breeding and restoration plan. The next year, the endangered species restoration center was established. Its headquarters is located in zhiyishan National Park. Its main tasks are the monitoring and restoration of typical species and endangered species, the protection of genetic resources and the development of value-added technology of medicinal plant resources.

Solve the contradiction between the moon black bear and farmers, and promote the concept of green integral

The construction department is responsible for the initial management of zhiyishan National Park, focusing on the infrastructure construction of park service area, park entrance and exit, roads, signs, etc. Later, as the development focus of the park gradually changed from tourism to natural resource protection, its competent department changed to the Department of internal affairs in 1991, and then to the Department of environment in 1998.

"The guidance of the construction department has significantly promoted the improvement of infrastructure in and around the park, but due to the specific construction tasks undertaken by local governments, the lack of systematic and standardized laws and regulations and management methods, the lack of scientific development planning, and the need for more professional management personnel to participate," Min Qingwen told reporters

The structural lack of management and protection capacity leads to the fact that zhiyishan National Park is basically equivalent to a tourist destination, and its core value is mainly reflected in promoting local economic development.

Some of the residents in the park resettled in the initial stage and were unwilling to carry out land transactions. There are still more than 100 "empty windows" and more than 300 residents in the boundary, which led to the small boundary delimitation and insufficient ecological integrity of zhiyishan National Park in the early stage of delimitation, which led to the decrease of the number of moon black bears due to human activities. To this end, the park has done a lot of work to guide and finally completed the relocation of residents, further protecting the integrity of the ecosystem.

With the continuous recovery of the natural ecosystem, the problem of human animal conflict began to appear. In the park, the moon black bear often steals honey from farmers and destroys the hive, causing direct economic losses to farmers.

"The establishment of zhiyishan National Park effectively solved the serious problem of deforestation in zhiyishan at that time, but the traditional livelihood of the local residents was affected because of their excessive dependence on forest resources. In order to minimize the impact of human activities in the park and better realize the natural restoration of the ecosystem, zhiyishan National Park strictly limits the production and life style of residents in the park, and residents can only engage in ecological agriculture or ecotourism. " Min Qingwen said.

Not only that, the management mode of zhiyishan National Park has been continuously upgraded. Under the joint management of multiple parties and communities, the National Park Management League has gathered community residents, social organizations, local governments and professionals through various public welfare projects to help the construction of the National Park.

The emergence of forest rangers (Rangers) in national parks makes park management more efficient and professional. Forest rangers track key species, conduct daily patrol monitoring and recording, and also monitor and control invasive species. At the same time, they conduct safety inspection, maintain the environment in the park, and conduct field emergency rescue for tourists when necessary.

On the one hand, the company regularly publishes the activities of invasive species and garbage removal in the park on the official website, and organizes and calls on community residents in and around the park to participate. On the other hand, the guild uses various forms of Ecological Welfare to give back to community residents and volunteers.

Among them, "volunteer Green Point System" attracted the attention of journalists. "In recent years, zhiyishan National Park office has carried out activities such as" reducing backpack ", popularized the concept of green points, and advocated tour guides to develop a light and reasonable backpack culture, so as to reduce environmental pollution, ecological damage and disturbance to others. Key points shall be set at each entrance of the park. The lighter the backpack, the higher the points can be obtained. The points can be directly entered into the personal point account of real name system in South Korea and can be converted into daily consumer goods. "

It is the original intention of the establishment of zhiyishan National Park to advocate green travel, and the park has been urging the people who come here to actively practice these years. The backpack is lighter, and the tourists' psychological burden of traveling is also reduced. When you come to the foot of the mountain, whether you come to understand the natural ecology of the country or to seek farming experience, you must treasure every inch of land and every species here.

As long as your luggage is light enough and your heart is devout enough, it is not difficult to see the gurgling stream flowing between the lush primitive trees and the ravine. The rolling sea of clouds, the endless mountains, the cherry trees on the other side of the river and the thousand year old pine trees on the other side all infuse the mountains with mysterious colors.

Flagship species is a concept in conservation biology, which refers to species that can attract public attention. The choice of flagship species is not entirely based on the importance of ecology, but rather official account and attraction. Flagship species can attract public attention to their conservation actions in the region or around the world. They are usually signs of some special ecosystems.

Flagship species can not only protect these species better, but also protect those less influential species. The well-known flagship species are giant panda, Bengal tiger, golden lion, African elephant, Asian elephant, snow leopard, etc. In zhiyishan National Park, there are two kinds of representative

Korean winter hazel

It belongs to deciduous shrub or small tree. It first blooms and then leaves. In April, it has yellow flowers and long drooping petals. Class II endangered wild animals and plants, endemic to South Korea, are mainly distributed in quanluo Nandao, quanluo Beidao, Qingshang Nandao, Gyeonggi Dao Baiyun Mountain, etc. Zhiyishan National Park is mostly seen in the sunny part of the foothills, such as qiuliquan hidden valley, Shanqing dayuansi Valley, Hedong Dacheng Valley, Nanyuan snake Valley and other low-lying places.

Asiatic black bear

Generally, it is full-length black with a V-shaped mark on the chest. The body weight is 80-250kg, and the life span of wild black bear is generally about 25 years. It feeds on acorns, plant fruits, wild vegetables, Squilla, honey, etc. Class I endangered wildlife, included in Appendix I of cites. At present, zhiyishan National Park is carrying out the black bear rescue campaign. Black bear has become the representative wildlife of zhiyishan National Park, and has been highly concerned.

Source: China Environmental News